Penetration testing, also known as pen testing or ethical hacking, is a process of assessing the security of a computer system, network, or web application by simulating an attack from a malicious actor. The goal of penetration testing is to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers and provide recommendations for remediation.
Penetration testing typically involves several phases, including reconnaissance, scanning, exploitation, and post-exploitation. During reconnaissance, the tester gathers information about the target system, such as the operating system, applications, and network topology. Scanning involves using tools to probe the target system for vulnerabilities, such as open ports, unpatched software, or misconfigured settings.
Once vulnerabilities are identified, the tester attempts to exploit them to gain unauthorized access to the system or sensitive data. This may involve using known exploits or developing new ones. Post-exploitation involves maintaining access to the system and gathering additional information about the target, such as passwords or confidential data.
Penetration testing can be carried out manually or using automated tools, and can be performed from both external and internal perspectives. External testing simulates an attack from the internet, while internal testing simulates an attack from within the organization.
Penetration testing is a critical component of a comprehensive security program and helps organizations identify weaknesses before they can be exploited by attackers. It can also help organizations comply with regulatory requirements and demonstrate due diligence in protecting sensitive data.
